Reformatting a Personal Computer

Reformatting a Personal Computer

1. Start your PC and press key F2, F12 or delete key (Depends on your PC model). 

  Your PC BIOS settings will be displayed. Find boot menu. In boot device priority select CD-ROM as first boot device.

2. Your PC will boot from CD and windows installation will start. Press Enter at this screen.

3. Accept License agreement by pressing F8 key.

4. Delete the partitions.

5. Create the partitions.

6. Define the size of partitions.

7. Now select your desired partition for installation of Windows XP and press enter.

8. Choose to format the partition. Choose NTFS file system quick. 

9. Setup will format the partition.

10. After formatting, setup will start copying files on to the hard disk.

11. After copying of files, setup will start installing Windows. 

12.  Select desired language and regional settings, when prompted by setup.

13. Enter windows key.

14. Type a name for your computer.

15.  Select time and date settings and time zone according to your country.

16.  Provide network settings for networking pc's or select typical settings and press enter.

17.  Setup will install devices and register components.

18.   After completion setup will do a cleanup of files and will restart your pc automatically. At this stage you can remove CD from drive.

How to Share File and Printer in a Computer Network?

How to Share File and Printer in a Computer Network?

WORKING  WITH    COMPUTER NETWORKS

PRELIMINARY STEPS

1.  Create an IP address

2.  Configure the IP address

3.  Set Windows firewall settings

4.  Set up a home or small office network

Set Windows firewall settings

Turn off firewall

Firewall - is a network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules.

Set up a home or small office network

Network Setup Wizard

Network Setup Wizard -  is a built-in feature of windows that let you setup a network for computers running Microsoft windows operating systems.

SHARING FILE ON A NETWORK (SERVER)

1.  Place the file inside the folder

2.  Right click the folder

3.  Click Properties

4.  Click Sharing

5.  Click Share this folder on the network

6.  Click Apply

7.  Click OK

CHECKING THE FILE (CLIENT)

1.  Click Start button

2.  Click Run

3.  Then type \\[IP address of server]

SHARING PRINTER ON A NETWORK ADDRESS (SERVER)

1. Click CONTROL PANEL

2. Click ADD PRINTER

3. Right-click Printer

4. Click SHARING

5. Click SHARE THIS PRINTER

6. Click APPLY

7. Click OK

CONNECTING PRINTER ON A NETWORK (CLIENT)

1. Click RUN
2. Then type \\[IP address of server]
3. Double-click PRINTERS AND FAXES
4. Right-click PRINTER
5. Click CONNECT                                 

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   

                                      Source: Google

What is a network or IP address?

WHAT IS A NETWORK OR IP ADDRESS?
  

Network address

A network address is any logical or physical address that uniquely distinguishes a network node or device over a computer or telecommunications network. It is a numeric/symbolic number or address that is assigned to any device that seeks access to or is part of a network.

EXAMPLE OF NUMERIC ADDRESS:

IP VERSIONS :

IPv4 :

Network switch port management tool helps network engineers identify the switch port to which a device is connected and thus eliminates the need of manually tracing the network cables. The tool discovers the devices plugged into each port of a specified switch. The tool is useful for system and network engineers to gain visibility into the IP, MAC, VLAN, status and availability of ports. Since this is a real-time discovery, the administrators can also view the operational status and speed of each port.

IPv6 :

Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) is the most recent version of the Internet Protocol (IP), the communications protocol that provides an identification and location system for computers on networks and routes traffic across the Internet.

CLASSES OF IP ADDRESS :

IP Address Classes: IP addressing supports three different commercial address classes; Class A, Class B, and Class C. In a class A address, the first octet is the network portion, so the class A address of, 10.1.25.1, has a major network address of 10. Octets 2, 3, and 4 (the next 24 bits) are for the hosts

HOW TO SET IP ADDRESS 

                                                                                                              

To set a static IP on your Windows computer:

1. Click Start Menu > Control Panel > Network and Sharing Center. (For Windows 8 and higher, search for and open Control Panel and select Network And Internet).
2. Click Change adapter settings.
   
   
    
3. Right-click on Local Area Connection and click on Properties.
   
   
    
4. Select Internet Protocol Version 4 (TCP/IPv4) and click on Properties.
   
   
    
5. Select "Use the following IP address" and enter the IP address, Subnet Mask, Default Gateway. and DNS server. Click OK and close the Local Area Connection propertieswindow.
   
   
    

                                                                                   Source: Google
                       

What are the types of cable?

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CABLE?
A.Twisted pair

The use of two wires twisted together helps to reduce crosstalk and electromagnetic induction. While twisted-pair cable is used by older telephone networks and is the least expensive type of local-area network (LAN)cable, most networks contain some twisted-pair cabling at some point along the network.

Shielded Twisted Pair

            
   The extra covering in shielded twisted pair wiring protects the transmission line from electromagnetic interference leaking into or out of the cable. STP cabling often is used in Ethernet networks, especially fast data rate Ethernets. Contrast with UTP.

     Unshielded Twisted Pair

                      

UTP cable is a 100 ohm copper cable that consists of 2 to 1800 unshielded twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket. They have no metallic shield. This makes the cable small in diameter but unprotected against electrical interference. The twist helps to improve its immunity to electrical noise and EMI.

B. Coaxial

Coaxial cable is a type of copper cable specially built with a metal shield and other components engineered to block signal interference. It is primarily used by cable TV companies to connect their satellite antenna facilities to customer homes and businesses.

C.Fiber Optic

Fiber optics, or optical fiber, refers to the medium and the technology associated with the transmission of information as light pulses along a glass or plastic strand or fiber.


Straight Through and Crossover Cable

A straight through cable is a type of twisted pair cable that is used in local area networks to connect a computer to a network hub such as a router. This type of cable is also sometimes called a patch cable and is an alternative to wireless connections where one or more computers access a router through a wireless signal. On a straight through cable, the wired pins match. Straight through cable use one wiring standard: both ends use T568A wiring standard or both ends use T568B wiring standard. The following figure shows a straight through cable of which both ends are wired as the T568B standard.

An Ethernet crossover cable is a type of Ethernet cable used to connect computing devices together directly. Unlike straight through cable, crossover cables use two different wiring standards: one end uses the T568A wiring standard, and the other end uses the T568B wiring standard. The internal wiring of Ethernet crossover cables reverses the transmit and receive signals. It is most often used to connect two devices of the same type: e.g. two computers (via network interface controller) or two switches to each other.

Source: Google